Below is a list of best universities in the United States ranked based on their research performance in Aerospace Engineering. KG. Superfinish device Attachment 110N for the construction of e. The machining capacity of the SL60 is 12. 2 MPa. While no industry standard exists for what roughness qualifies an optic as superpolished, Edmund Optics® established a process for polishing optical surfaces to a root mean square (RMS) surface roughness of less than one angstrom (10. . As flight technology advanced to include. Let's take a closer look at these standout companies. St. At Impro, we use a variety of machining and casting techniques to produce aerospace components that meet industry standards and customer requirements. The stone typically oscillates at an amplitude of 1–4 mm and a frequency of 10–50 Hz; and it contacts the workpiece at light pressure, typically 0. CONTACT US. These include, but aren't limited to, L3Harris, Ball Aerospace, Boeing, Raytheon, Lockheed Martin and Aerojet Rocketdyne. Aerospace engineering is the branch of engineering that works in the design, development, testing and production of airborne objects such as aircraft, missiles, spacecraft, rocket propulsion systems and other related systems. ²Red: 180 mesh, extra fine; yellow: 100 mesh, fine; white: 50 mesh, medium. 017 µm). Experimental study on the performance of superfinish hard turned surfaces in rolling contact. Headquarters: Denver, Colorado, United States. SURFACE FINISHING TECHNOLOGY FOR THE AEROSPACE INDUSTRY. Boeing’s facility in Mesa, which produces Apache Attack Helicopters, is one of the region’s largest employers with 3,600 workers. About 3,800 openings for aerospace engineers are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Our solutions. It is the average roughness in the area between the roughness profile and its mean line. We are a global leader in high-performance specialty alloy-based materials and process solutions for critical applications in the aerospace, t ransportation, defense, energy, industrial, medical, and consumer electronics markets. Application Opens:The Aerospace Corporation: Who We Are. The CSF, LLC REM™ ISF™ Superfinish Treatment Process Overview Well known to the aerospace and racing industries, The REM™ Surface Engineering Company has developed one of the best, most versatile superfinishing, or micro-polishing systems in the world, which holds a Department of Defense (DOD) certification, among others. Metal Finishing Technologies prides itself on the high level of quality finishes we produce every day for the Aerospace industry. vikingair . Misconception No. Stanford University. The chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process is one of the conventional technology involve with the development of superfine surfaces which are used for many advances optical and semiconductor applications such as aerospace [1], astronomical telescopes [2], extreme ultraviolet lithography systems [3], synchrotron. This specification covers requirements for the superfinishing of High Velocity Oxygen/Fuel (HVOF) applied tungsten carbide thermal spray coatings. OSB SUPERFINISH® BAU ECO complies with EN 300 for OSB/4 and meets the building regulations registration No. 641°N 123. Two types of coatings, tungsten carbon carbide (WC/C) and amorphous boron carbidesection of the workpiece requiring superfinish. Several categories of screws are used in aircraft assembly, with different materials, coatings, screw heads, and designs. Our HEA ProTip nozzles. Agha S R, Liu C R. A units check shows that: force = (force/area) * area. The isotropic superfinish that REM’s ISF ® Process produces has long been recognized as the optimal surface finish and surface texture for improving gear mesh efficiency and maximizing metal to metal power transfer component life through increases to contact fatigue and scuffing resistance. From this first use of iso-tropic superfinishing on bearings, the process jumped into the gear-ing world via the motorsport industry. One of the standout features of the Faxon ION-X. Lockheed Martin (LMT 0. SUPERFINISHING is a low-temperature machining process which combines the motion of the workpiece and a bonded abrasive "stone" to generate both a geometrically accurate form and specific surface. Low viscosity materials such as lacquers. Contact. 7") OD. The Isotropic Superfinish process (or simply ISF®) is used on those components that require enhanced performance and output. Fundamentals of Materials Science: Shanghai Jiao Tong University. net. Then, micro-hardness along with residual stresses produced were used for modeling. S. 5%) works in many areas, including a large aerospace business. comAll aerospace vehicles have to employ some kind of power transmission units and elements to transmit. The meaning of SUPERFINES is merchandise graded as superfine. If you are looking for expedited quoting, industry-best turn-around times, and the highest quality performance in metal finishing, Metal Finishing Technologies in Bristol CT is here to meet your needs! Fill out the form below and one of our team members will get back to you shortly. REM’s ISF Process is widely used in the aerospace, heavy equipment, medical and other industries due to its unparalleled range of performance benefits including increased resistance to contact fatigue, bending fatigue, and scuffing, as well as increased surface cleanliness and drastically reduced friction. Component durability increase - virtual elimination of contact fatigue It is a reasonable expectation that ISF, to retain energy by reducing friction, will also increase a component's durability by reducing contact fatigue. 1 µm). It is this mission that has led to over 20 years of research and $22 million of competitive research and development funding for research and to validate our. What cannot be overlooked is the tremendous amount of effort and dedication of those working with aerospace companies to advance innovation. We rinse, clean, and etch every metal surface using a system of matched chemistries to ensure reliable structural bonding and paint adhesion. For the superfinish processing of ground and finely turned surfaces, also for tapered roller bearings with small undercuts. 30-0. ”. Aerospace or aviation fasteners must be highly robust to survive tremendous gravity pressures. For the purpose of this paper, the generalized aerospace definition of a surface having an Ra of < 4 µin (~0. . com Thank you for your interest in Superfinishers II. S. As already mentioned, there are three basic components of a surface, roughness, waviness, and lay. Global Company Size 10000+ Employees. A basic understanding of superfinishing for metal components. Just give us a call or send an email. 05μm with a diameter tolerance of +/- 0. Electric vehicles and EV charging. Machined component surfaces are comprised of parallel lines of “peaks” and “valleys” arranged in a generally periodic or sinusoidal pattern. ) The aerospace. Over 20 Years of Research and Development. A leader in high-performance specialty alloy-based materials and process solutions for critical applications in the aerospace, automotive, defense, energy, industrial, medical, and consumer electronics markets. Metal Finishing Technologies prides itself on the high level of quality. Vogesenstr. 99. The business started in 1993 when. Graue et al. P. Intended for aerospace applications, it also found a great application in lightweight BCGs (the prototype is shown here). Major regional offices are located in Chantilly, Virginia and Colorado Springs, Colorado. 60 Wooster Court. 3 litres per minute, the SuperFinish 33 Plus is the most powerful WAGNER diaphragm pump in the professional segment. The Supfina machine series Cenflex, Cenpro, MultiTool and LCM are used for plunge-cutting of shafts between centers. CH - 9548 Matzingen. All aircraft are complex systems that must operate in a. Aerospace engineering is the primary field of concerned with the development of [3] It has two major and overlapping branches: aeronautical engineering and Avionics engineering is similar, but deals with the side of aerospace engineering. Superfinish for pinion, cam and crankshafts. termination. Whilst Additive Manufacturing is undoubtedly having a huge impact on the design and manufacture of rocket propulsion systems, most notably combustion chambers and nozzles, the Achilles’. 1. The 18 th China International Machine Tool show (CIMT 2023) will be held in April. Surface roughness is a calculation of the relative smoothness of a surface’s profile. Liquid. Typically, these are workpieces from the aerospace, mechanical engineering, tooling, energy, oil and gas, shipbuilding or food industries. Undergrad Enrollment: 40,300. · Reduction in lubricant temperature. These new growth projects in Alabama’s aerospace/defense sector build on others launched in 2021, which involved new investment topping $220 million. Superfinish Express - Mobile Paint & Bumper Repairs Franchise, Redcliffe, Queensland. MPMD: Materials and Processes for Medical Devices (October, 2007) Conn. REM’s ISF Process is widely used in the aerospace, heavy equipment, medical and other industries due to its unparalleled range of. OD Superfinish: Φ100×400 mm <Rz0. COMP Cams® Dual Conical Valve Springs are constrained at the top and bottom with stepped retainers and spring seats to create separation. Fig 4 4. Many metal finishing operations also benefit from dramatic reductions in operational. End-to-End Manufacturing. welding super-finishing machine SL60. Over 350,000 slewing bearings and slew drives delivered worldwide are proof of Liebherr’s technological expertise. To the overview of suitable attachments. Description: Sungear Inc. Ph. In combination with a wide range of automated solutions, these machines can finish surfaces on a wide variety of shafts. It is on the grounds of the Victoria International Airport at 1910 Norseman Road on the east side of the airport. These isotropic superfinishes achieve the highest performance ratings in terms of friction, heat, noise and wear in the bearing, gear, and turbine industries. To create the required crosshatch pattern with the right superfinish angle, a correlation between the process parameters was used as in equation : where α. The. As a result, the transmission error of these gears was increased leading to unacceptable noise. (Isotropic Superfinish) Process 114 Infield Court | Mooresville, NC 28117. stock news by MarketWatch. Supfina. Surface Finish is a measure of. Quality. Aerospace Medical . Reaffirmed. can be superfinished to a low surface roughness in approximately 1. Surface. With the completion of the new plant facility, we have expanded our capacity and capabilities to better serve existing and new. Defense. Multiple head machines often enable part. Courtesy of United Grinding An HVOF-coated aerospace part being ground on a Studer S-33 machine. Specialties: Toronto's trusted source for electroplating services for over 40 years. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, aerospace engineer jobs are expected to grow by 3% between 2019. Surface Finish Units From RA To RZ. WE BELIEVE THERE IS ALWAYS A BETTER WAY. Superfinish for pinion, cam and crankshafts. Request a Quote. Bookmark for later. Aerospace Coatings International is an FAA certified repair station specializing in turn-key repair services for component piece parts. The superfinishing process is suitable for any material that can be machined with geometrically undefined cutting edges. Design of Racing and High-Performance Engines 2004-2013. Learn what superfinishing is, what applications it should be used for and why you should take care when specifying surface finish parameters. The Aerospace Corporation. We are experts in developing customized finishing programs for all your parts or components. You will gain a solid foundation as a student in the aerospace. Superfinishing, sometimes called micro-finishing, is a finishing process that’s used to refine the surface of a metal component to an extremely fine surface with very low roughness, normally referred to as Ra. Car and truck crankshafts; Large crankshafts for industrial. 9620 Fax: 317. The Superfinish process reduced grinding marks to 1 millionth of an inch or less, so the Chrysler engines outlasted their counterparts from Ford and GM. Founded: 1995. Z-9. Although the McCarter Superfinish is a proprietary procedure the resulting surface condition will be compared with that of conventional machining. Learn More Take a Virtual Tour. See Product Details. ISOTROPIC SUPERFINISHING Via Volta n. Cookie. Wir liefern die Lösung zum Schleifen , Entgraten und Superfinish für die Industrie. Our client needed to superfinish shock absorber piston rods with post chrome plating. Browse our growing library of resources including case studies, product brochures, technical data sheets, product selection guides and more. For this testing, test success is defined as completion of the two hour run with a transmission that is fully functional at the test. Typically, these are workpieces from the aerospace, mechanical engineering, tooling, energy, oil and gas, shipbuilding or food industries. However, as the demands of aerospace systems become more advanced, the process of superfinishing has become a more common specification. A component’s surface can impact a wide range of performance characteristics including contact fatigue, lubricant performance, bending fatigue, air/fluid flow, coating/plating adhesion, cleanliness, and many more. Aerospace engineering deals with engineering for air flight or space flight. Precision Machining Plant. 00040 in. The Isotropic Superfinish process (or simply ISF®) is used on those components that require enhanced performance and output. The results of this experiment demonstrate that the ISFTM superfinish is a partial benefit, even if applied to selected components in a metal-to-metal, friction induced application. Clutches and brakes. Chrome may be flashy, but its days in the sun are numbered—including as a coating for aerospace parts. Power: 1. Aerospace and mechanical engineering. Liebherr slew drives are extremely low in service and fail-safe. Key benefits of the isotropic surface finishing process. Superfinishing. MASSFIN DELIVER INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS WHILE ENSURING A SUSTAINABLE, SAFE AND COMFORTABLE ENVIRONMENT FOR ALL. Urban Air Mobility: Technische Universität München (TUM) Space Medicine: Duke University. Acceptance Rate: 54%. Jobs. for pipes. The removal of this soft-skin is done by using a superfinishing abrasive film. 1, 2. From 1972, the two companies began to cooperate and finally merged in 1995 to form the present Supfina Grieshaber GmbH & Co KG. 8912 Mississippi Street Merrillville, IN 46410 860-736-1477. Typical oil consumption for V-8 Fords of 1936 was listed in gallons, not quarts, in a Ford service manual. Open Access — free for readers,. L&T Technology Services specializes in the development of high-performance engineering solutions for global Aerospace and Defense manufacturers. The isotropic finishing process reduces friction and wears on the surface while increasing durability and improving corrosion resistance. What follows is a two-step process. Contact Us Address. Fuel systems, emissions and components. Eliminate microscopic burrs left by. ISF® e REM®. 67%), aerospace and. Since our founding in 1988, Alloy Processing has remained focused on the principles of quality and workmanship setLow2no maintenance. Therefore, only a small amount of stock must be removed to achieve an. Accuracies last more than 25 years. Brake Caliper using C-7800. You’d have to grind that and superfinish it to get the surface equivalent of the hard. PEEK superfinish grinding! We have experience in grinding plastic materials such as PEEK and other plastics. Reliable use with a wide variety of materials is guaranteed thanks to its unique QLS long-stroke technology. Since the flanks are typically ground after heat treatment to a 12 min. In the powertrain of an automobile, some components are exposed to extreme loads. Shore Blvd. Addison, IL Custom Manufacturer*, Finishing Service Company $1 - 4. Saint Louis University's School of Science and Engineering has developed an innovative, future-focused aerospace engineering program incorporating the latest industry trends to address the current and future needs of the profession and our society. What’s more, any workpiece with a coating — from tungsten carbide to chromium to copper. The term isotropy means uniformity in all orientations. 77933 Lahr. Back-up power, UPS, surge & IT power distribution. A state-of-the-art isotropic superfinishing service can micro-polish a metal surface finish. 77 Massachusetts Avenue Building 33-202 Cambridge MA, 02139. . A breakthrough on superfinishing of high loaded gears brings big cost savings into aerospace production High loaded gearboxes, such as reduction, propeller and helicopter gearboxes, they are counted as the. Only an absolutely perfect surface guarantees longevity and low wear - and Supfina has the right solutions here. 7 dB and from the bull gear’s first harmonic by 7 dB (Ref. AMS2530 is an aerospace material specification that outlines the application of Tungsten Disulfide (WS2) thin lubrication film coating in a binder less impingement applied method that does not require a curing. Location. O. The highest quality is easily achieved, even for small batches and single parts. This bolt group features a full-auto design, is M16-compatible, and offers top-quality performance and durability. Optical polishing is a fabrication technique widely adopted for the manufacturing process of high precision mechanical and optical components where there is a demand for minimal defects and smooth micro-roughness values. Together we will mobilize a new era of growth in aerospace and defense — one that balances the current needs of our industry with those of future generations, surpassing what is expected. The precise alignment and machining of the rocker arm geometry and a high-quality finish increase durability and reduce friction in the valve mechanism. 634. 41 µm). 3 shows the surface roughness from different EDM modes, which are superfinish, finish, mean and standard. Precision Castparts Corp. join our mailing list. 83B. Impro started its precision machining operations on a leased premise in San Luis Potosi, Mexico in July, 2016 serving OEMs customers in automotive and industrial equipment industries. Ra – Average Roughness. INA slewing rings are known worldwide as premium products in the field of rolling bearing technology. CSF, LLC offers two highly developed and tightly controlled processes: Proprietary aerospace grade direct contact cryogenic processing (patent pending) and REM™ ISF™ isotropic superfinishing, an advanced form of micropolishing. 1513 Sam Bass Rd. Isotropic Superfinish Changes Ahead in the Roughness Standards Posted by Mark Michaud on Friday, May 15th, 2020 inCenter type superfinish and microfinish system Workpiece diameter up to 500 mm / circumverence 1500 mm Workpiece length 3000 to 8000 mm Workpiece weightup to 2500 metric kg Workpiece clamping motorized with programmable clamping force Workpiece rotation frequency contolled Workpiece rotation in heavy duty operation servo controlled. The Supfina machine series Cenflex, Cenpro, MultiTool and LCM are used for plunge-cutting of shafts between centers. 0 µin. Products. S. REVENUE (FY22) $1. The application of superfinish surface and its effect on the performance of optical instruments such as X-ray optics is experimentally carried out by R. An automotive supplier has purchased an economical superfinishing center and uses it in the production of its e-gearbox shafts. Senior Aerospace Software Engineer Salary. Senior aerospace engineers have over eight years of real-life experience. 5 – 2. 9 Mile Rd. From simple deburring to high-end titanium finishing, our combination of specialized tumbling media and centrifugal polishing expertise fill the finishing gaps in your overall part production process. 1. The isotropic finishing process reduces friction and wears on the surface while increasing durability and improving corrosion resistance. +1 416-787-6109. com. 247 likes · 5 talking about this. The Ra surface finish chart shows the arithmetic average of surface heights measured across a surface. 4/A - 35037 Bresseo Di Teolo (Padova) - Italia Tel: 049 9903939 metal!nishsrl@gmail. Back-up power, UPS, surge & IT power distribution. Our work focuses on harnessing. SUPERFINISH achieves the highest form improvements and surface qualities. Find out about metal 3D printing costs and get a quote for your metal 3D printing project from. To ensure that components are safe to handle later on, precise edge deburring is required. 516. Isotropic superfinishing is sometimes known as “Chemically Accelerated Surface Finishing” because it involves a chemical additive in a mechanical, vibratory process. The feed rate of the superfinishing film is adjustable. join our mailing list. To understand how much of a surface is going to be available to distribute the load, consider the material bearing ratio (Rmr) of the surface. 29 October] 1888 – 23 December 1972) was a Russian and later Soviet aeronautical engineer known for his pioneering aircraft designs as the director of the Tupolev Design Bureau. This isn't just marketing fluff, this is a much finer and well-polished finish that reduces the friction of the carrier and. Clutches and brakes. This rifle is designed to be ultra-lightweight and easy to handle, making it ideal for long-range shooting and precision target practice. Website. Vertical machines are used to hone, micropolish, or superfinish long tubes, shafts, and parts with long bores. milling. 56 Rifle is a high-performance rifle that's built to meet the needs of today's competitive shooters and firearm enthusiasts. Complete Guide to Surface Finish Charts, RA, RZ, Measurements, Callouts and Symbols. The tape is unwinded by a speed-controlled motor. Höganäs’s first move into Additive Manufacturing production technology was in September 2012, when the organisation announced that it would acquire a 100% interest in fcubic AB, which it immediately rebranded to become Digital Metal. Frequency DH/min, max/min. Superfinishing is an imprecise term for a range of manufacturing techniques that produce enhanced surface finishes. Cryogenic Superfinish, Scottsdale, Arizona. This is where the faction spoiler comes in though as the video seemed to show the engine available at The Crimson fleet base. A finite element simulation demonstrated that residual stresses of hard turned surface can be changed to a better state by optimizing the. Honing and Honing Alternatives. 20, 2023 — Scientists and industry leaders worldwide are looking for answers on how to make aviation sustainable by 2050 and choosing a viable sustainable fuel is a major sticking point. Request a Quote. (0. Misconception No. HWM | Complete Howmet Aerospace Inc. 8K. Since the elements finished with superfinish. Since it’s cathodic to steel, flaws or nicks in the plate can lead to. 0 hour. Characteristics of Aerospace Fasteners. Nationally, compensation for aerospace engineers ranges between $72,000 per year and $166,000 per year. Building Materials · Arizona, United States · <25 Employees. Car and truck crankshafts. a lathe Manufacturer Supfina Type 110N With extensive accessories Specifications: Frequency DH/min, max/ min 2200 / 2000 Amplitude in mm ± 1. 8 Units conversion 9 Foreword 10 Slewing bearings 12 Common SKF slewing bearings 12 Single row four-point contact ball slewing bearings 12 Single row crossed cylindrical roller slewing bearings 14 Other SKF slewing bearings 14 Double row ball slewing bearingsThe specified superfinishing devices can be used on the rocker arms to superfinish the contact surfaces with the camshafts and valves. The transmission was run at 50% torque for 2 hours using only auxiliary oil for lubrication. Website. ISF processing is capable of generating a surface finish with a 0. 3405 community@indianaprecisiongrinding. With our engineering expertise, high-level problem solving, and on-site fabrication and machining , we have helped many businesses cut costs and reduce lead times on machinery. Aerospace actuators and motion control. Microfinishing (superfinishing) is the ultimate abrasive process, allowing users to: Remove the amorphous surface layer (thermally damaged) caused by grinding. Sandwell were commissioned to Superfinish transmissions parts and the. 0100. The emulsion spraypack of the Airless diaphragm pump SuperFinish 23 Plus is ideally suited for spraying emulsions and facade paints in medium-sized new building and renovation projects. 7571 Email: info@superfinishersinc. S. Share on facebook. Getting the Optimal Surface. An Isotropic Superfinish (ISF) is produced by a patented chemically accelerated vibratory finishing process using non-abrasive media that is capable of surface finishing hundreds of parts per hour. 49%), pilot training and simulator company CAE ( CAE 0. Viking Air Ltd. Founded: 1970 Their story: Honeywell Aerospace manufactures essential power units, engines, software and visualization technologies for air travel and space exploration organizations. Frontline Aerospace, Inc. E. Unfortunately, the most meticulous. 10. In 1951 the Remscheid-based company changed its name to "Supfina - Wieck und Hentzen" - derived from "Superfinish". OSB SUPERFINISH® ECO is manufactured using a formaldehyde-Thielenhaus Superfinish Innovation AG St. The rolling contact fatigue is first modeled by taking into account the residual stresses generated by the hard turning process. The spraypacks are well complemented by nozzle extentions or the InlineRoller. : Mr. E01888308 - GM 12 BOLT 3. Since it’s cathodic to steel, flaws or nicks in the plate can lead to. Voyager Space Holdings. 60 Wooster Court. 21629 North 9th Avenue, Suite F Phoenix, AZ 85027 Phone: 623. 1 μm can be achieved. However, the surface of a component is not. com 3101 Bertha Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46222 Phone: 317. Superfinish for pinion, cam and crankshafts. This surface roughness and surface texture is generated by the tool path and the abrasive cutting stone of the machine tool. Aerospace actuators and motion control. These engineers work on various aspects of aerospace. is in the Cleantech and Aerospace markets, with a primary focus on commercial gas turbine efficiency through our IsoCool™ and MicroFire™ aftermarket gas turbine retrofit products for the Rolls-Royce Model 250 helicopter engine. Value of Exports: $4. Apply here. The unwinding of the tape is carried out by a speed-controlled motor. Precision Machining Plant. 2384153. Location Las Vegas, NV. Our dedicated CoE caters to the new age. Supfina 90. Creating optimal surfaces on metal components is REM’s business focus. REM GmbH. Superfinishing removes 1-2 microns of stock on radius and requires less energy. uses the process on its S-76C+ helicopter gearboxes, reducing noise from the second-stage bevel gears by 3. 516. Sungear Inc. <br><br>Aircraft types: <br><br>Boeing :. 2021 Annual Report: Driving Speed and Resilience for Space. Graphically, Ra is the area between the roughness profile and its centerline divided by the evaluation length. Georgia Institute of Technology. “This powder technology know. com Thielenhaus Microfinish Corporation 42925 W. In the manufacturing process, the unwanted material build-up is caused by various work steps: punching of flat parts. Maxar Technologies. The SuperFinish 23 Pro is a robust and durable airless paint sprayer. They apply principles of physics, mathematics, and engineering to create and improve aerospace technologies. Double-disk grinding and double-disk flat grinding are different terms for the same process. Superfinishing is usually considered to be a process that creates a surface smoother than conventional machining, predominantly grinding. 634. Hose, tubing, fittings & connectors. 641; -123. When it's time for a BCG replacement, the F-1 Firearms DuraBolt AR-15 Bolt Carrier Group will check all your boxes. The required surface roughness after superfinishing was maximum Ra 0. Nebiolo, "Isotropic Finishing of Helicopter and Turboprop Gearbox Components," Proc. 0. Air Industries Company. The Importance of Isotropic Superfinishing. Aeronautical engineering and aerospace engineering follow similar concepts, but they focus on different areas. Application of the developed SPION abrasive is demonstrated for superfinish optical polishing on a BK7 optical disc. Typical applications for the SF-HP are large and heavy workpieces with a length of up to 650 mm, 650 mm diameter and a weight of 200 kg. Since 2001, Sentient Science has been devoted to extending remaining useful life of fielded assets and optimizing new product design and testing. Newark, NY 14513. A basic understanding of superfinishing for metal components. For the purpose of this paper, the generalized aerospace definition of a surface having an Ra of < 4 µin (~0. Sustainability · November 24, 2023. Job Outlook. > 25 years. At Monarch Textiles, our concern is that each yard of needled felt that comes off the line is. During needle felting, barbed needles bind fibers together to create industrial felt or craft felt. laser cutting. 1–0. AI is also enabling engineers to give passenger, military, and emergency response craft new capabilities.